The patellar tendon connects the kneecap (patella) to the shin bone (tibia). It plays an important role in the way you use your legs. It helps your thigh muscles (quadriceps) straighten your knee.
The patellar tendon is made of tough string-like bands which are surrounded by a membrane that helps it to glide.
Patellar tendonitis is a condition that occurs when the tendon and membrane becomes inflamed.
It is usually an overuse injury, commonly associated with jumping activities. Which is why it is often called “jumper’s knee”. It is most common in athletes whose sports involve frequent jumping — for example, basketball and volleyball players. However, anyone can suffer from patellar tendinitis.
Alternate name
- jumper’s knee
Diagram of the Knee looking from the side
Symptoms
The main symptom is pain directly over the patella tendon-which is located just under your patella. If you press directly on it, the pain is clear.
Causes
This condition arises mainly due to overuse of the patella tendon. The causes include:
- Repetitive or frequent exercise which involves jumping
- Tight muscles (especially thigh muscles) resulting in extra strain on the patella tendon
- Anatomical variation in the patella position, in particular a high patella
- Being overweight puts more force through the tendons
Risk Factors
As mentioned earlier, the main risk in developing Patellar Tendinitis is repetitive sporting activities, especially those that involve jumping.
Investigations
A X-ray of a normal Knee looking from the side
A X-ray of a normal Knee showing the Knee cap (patella)
Usually investigations are not required and the doctor can diagnose your condition via physical examination. However, x-rays may be taken to exclude other conditions involving the bones, and an MRI can be done to take a closer look at your tendons.
Complications
If you feel pain, stop immediately as continuing the sport will likely cause further tendon injury. Other problems that can arise if the problem is not addressed are chronic knee pain and even complete rupture of the tendon.
Treatment
The treatment is mainly conservative, with measures including:
- Rest-This is the most important first step, and it allows the tendon to heal
- Anti-inflammatory medications-Decreases pain and swelling
- Stretching-Stretch your leg muscles (quadriceps, hamstrings)
- Ice-Put an ice pack on the affected area to reduce swelling
- Braces-These are sometimes recommended to provide support for the knee. There is no clear evidence if there is a benefit, but it does provide some patients with relief from their symptoms.
In very rare cases where none of the above options work, surgery may be opted for.
Seeking Advice
Your Family Doctor (GP)
Your Family Doctor will be able to diagnose and help treat your problem. He or she will be able to
- tell you about your problem
- advise you of the best treatment methods
- prescribe you medications
- and if necessary, refer you to Specialists (Consultants) for further treatment
Prevention
There are a few simple steps you can take to prevent yourself from getting patellar tendinitis.
- If you are having knee pain don’t play through it. This may just make it worse
- Use proper technique when playing sport
- Stretch before exercise
- Strengthen your leg muscles, in particular your quadriceps muscles